The clinical efficacy of CAR-T cell therapies in solid tumors has been constrained by pronounced tumor antigen heterogeneity, which is characterized by the expression of a single tumor-associated antigen may be heterogeneous, dynamic, or downregulated under therapeutic pressure, resulting in incomplete tumor coverage and antigen escape.
NKG2D ligands (“NKG2DLs”) represent a class of stress-induced molecules that are broadly upregulated across a wide range of solid and hematologic malignancies and suppressive cells within hostile tumor niches, while generally exhibiting low or absent expression in normal tissues. Their expression is driven by oncogenic stress, DNA damage responses, and inflammatory signaling, making NKG2DLs complementary targets to conventional tumor-associated antigens for addressing both antigen heterogeneity of tumor.
Building on this biological rationale, our Synthetic NKG2D Receptor (“SNR”) platform is designed to enable CAR-T cells to simultaneously engage NKG2D ligands and a second tumor-associated antigen through co-expression of a SNR module alongside a conventional CAR construct. The SNR module incorporates extracellular domain of NKG2D and intracellular signaling domains derived from DAP10 and DAP12, which could provide complementary co-stimulatory signals that enhance T cell activation, metabolic fitness, and persistence, while mitigating premature exhaustion.